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Pyana River
Pyana ((ロシア語:Пья́на)) is a river in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. It is a tributary of the Sura River.
==History and etymology==
Pyana translates from Russian into ''drunken''. The original name of the river was likely Piana,〔 and, like many other old Russian geographical names, might be of Finnish origin (''pien'' meaning ''small''). The most likely reason for the transformation of Piana to Pyana was the Battle on Pyana River.〔 (Google Books )〕 The battle was fought on 2 August 1377 between the Blue Horde Khan Arapsha (Arab-Shah Muzaffar) and joint Russian troops under Knyaz Ivan Dmitriyevich. Awaiting the battle, the Russian Army lost discipline with drunkenness being a norm. They were unexpectedly attacked from all sides and crushed by the Mongols, forcing retreat to and across the Pyana. Many soldiers, and the Knyaz himself, drowned while crossing it. This explanation is further supported by the original text of the chronicles of the battle, where the writer first calls the river Piana, then notes〔"Поистиннѣ — за Пьяною пьяни!"〕 the ironical similarity of the words piana and pyana (in a sense of drunkenness) and further uses Pyana as the river name.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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